Different Approaches to developing strategy Essay

Various Approaches to creating technique - Essay Example It can likewise give a message to workers, venture the picture before clients, bring aim for future and so forth for example what should the business to do?. Destinations: Objectives are firm attainable objectives/focuses of the business regarding results like development in profit, increment underway and so on in medium and long terms. They are quantifiable and can be observed and rectified for their advancement. Qualities/Situation Analysis: It is alluring that a key designer should consider the current status of the business both as far as its shortcomings and qualities and devise a vital arrangement to accomplish the targets previously put forward. Shortcoming of the business could be in any region like administration, account, markets/deals, tasks, contributions and so on. Quality or achievement zone of the business can incorporate sound financing/income, normal or great productivity as far as capital venture, scope for upgrading targets and piece of the overall industry, brand mindfulness improvement, arrangement to put resources into R&D or some other advancement, great client care, confronting solid rivalry without increment in costs and so on. Both outer and inward situations ought to be considered to devise a vital arrangement. These situations can be evaluated through investigation of ‘SWOT’ components. SWOT represents Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities , and Threats. Key Development: The vital advancement contrasts for various organizations and explicit business options can be applied that can serve its eventual benefits. Various kinds of business advancement techniques include: Usage: Strategic arranging executions access to make changes in the association. A very much drawn arrangement for clear destinations, exercises, targets, financial plan, obligations, timings including cutoff times and so on would give a blue print to the association to battle the execution plan difficulties. Anyway some sudden or unanticipated conditions both outer and interior can generally

Book Review, Summer of My German Soldier Free Essays

Book Review, Summer of My German Soldier by Bette Greene The book, Summer of My German Soldier, is a case of authentic fiction, set in Arkansas, America during World War 2. It recounts to the account of multi year old Patty, a Jewish young lady, who shields a youthful German trooper who escapes from the camp for German detainees in her old neighborhood. The story opens with the appearance of the German detainees of war at the train station. We will compose a custom exposition test on Book Review, Summer of My German Soldier or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now From the main sections we get some answers concerning the day by day schedule of Patty and her family. The peruser learns significant data about the setting and the characters which clarifies their conduct all through the novel. We learn of the absence of warmth and love from Patty’s guardians and furthermore of the standing out cherishing connections from Ruth, her babysitter, and her grandparents. What's more, we see proof of the father’s mercilessness when he beats her viciously on the grounds that she breaks a window. Her disconnection, sentiments of disappointment and of not being adequate for her folks are additionally appeared. These sections additionally feature the bigotry, separation and partialities in the network which cause individuals to feel like untouchables. Related article: Mother of a Traitor Summary The individuals in the network are additionally very startled by what the German detainees may do to them. In section 3, Patty meets Anton just because when the POWs come into Patty’s father shop to purchase caps. Her affections for him create from this second. In part 7, the development to the peak starts when Anton escapes from his jail camp and Patty chooses to protect him in her alcove. In the accompanying sections we become familiar with Anton’s existence with his English mother and German dad. He originates from Gottingen in German and he used to consider history at college. A couple of parts later, Anton needs to leave Patty since he is being pursued by the FBI. Prior to leaving, he gives her a 24 carat gold ring, his most significant belonging. In section 14, there is a difference in setting, Patty returns to class, and her experience with Anton is done. Patty’s requirement for consideration in the long run handles her in a tough situation when she discusses the ring. Her dad questions her tale about being given it by an elderly person whom she aided and he beats her in the store. A FBI specialist interrogates Patty regarding the elderly person and the ring and shows her a photograph of Anton. Patty denies knowing the individual in the photograph yet tragically for her, the FBI operator has the shirt that she had given to her dad for Father’s Day, and afterward given to Anton. Patty is alarmed and pain stricken when she sees the bloodstained shirt and discovers that Anton has been shot and slaughtered. Unfit to deny the realities, Patty is viewed as a backstabber by her family and network and turns out to be significantly a greater amount of an untouchable. I believe that the lesson of this story is to not pass judgment on individuals by their shading, religion or nationality yet to think about every individual as a person. In the event that Patty was not Jewish, individuals would have been less unforgiving in their judgment. Had individuals judged Anton by his character, rather than his nationality, they would have understood that he was indistinguishable to any youngster experiencing childhood in America around then. By and large, I delighted in perusing this novel, it was intriguing and somewhat uncommon to peruse a WW2 tale set in America. I found the characters practical and not cliché, especially Anton and Patty. As a young person, I can relate to Patty’s character and I would have acted similarly as her. The peruser sees Patty create from a shy, disliked youngster into a certain and tough person. Despite the fact that I delighted in the novel, I discovered a few shortcomings. There is almost no activity in the initial six parts, they are for the most part worried about putting things in place and giving foundation data. Moreover I would have preferred more insights regarding Anton after he left Patty, it would have made the story additionally energizing. I would prescribe this book to adolescents and youthful grown-ups. Instructions to refer to Book Review, Summer of My German Soldier, Essay models

Biography of Psychologist Albert Bandura

Biography of Psychologist Albert Bandura   More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Best Known For Early Life Career and Theories Is Bandura a Behaviorist? Selected Publications Contributions to Psychology Albert Bandura is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments. He is a Professor Emeritus at Stanford University and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living psychologists. One 2002 survey ranked him as the fourth most influential psychologist of the twentieth century, behind only B.F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget. Best Known For Bobo doll studiesObservational learningSocial learning theorySelf-efficacy 1:42 Basic Principles of Social Learning Theory Albert Banduras Early Life Albert Bandura was born on December 4, 1925, in a small Canadian town located approximately 50 miles from Edmonton. The last of six children, Banduras early education consisted of one small school with only two teachers. According to Bandura, because of this limited access to educational resources, The students had to take charge of their own education. He realized that while the content of most textbooks is perishable...the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time. These early experiences may have contributed to his later emphasis on the importance of personal agency. Bandura soon became fascinated by psychology after enrolling at the University of British Columbia. He had started out as a biological sciences major and his interest in psychology formed quite by accident. While working nights and commuting to school with a group of students, he found himself arriving at school earlier than his courses started. To pass the time, he began taking filler classes during these early morning hours, which led him to eventually stumble upon psychology. Bandura explained, One morning, I was wasting time in the library. Someone had forgotten to return a course catalog and I thumbed through it attempting to find a filler course to occupy the early time slot. I noticed a course in psychology that would serve as excellent filler. It sparked my interest and I found my career. He earned his degree from the University of British Columbia in 1949 after just three years of study and then went on to graduate school at the University of Iowa. The school had been home to  Clark Hull  and other psychologists including Kenneth Spence and  Kurt Lewin. While the program took an interest in social learning theory, Bandura felt that it was too focused on  behaviorist  explanations. Bandura earned his MA degree in 1951 and his Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1952. Career and Theories After earning his Ph.D., he was offered a position at Stanford University. Bandura accepted the offer (even though it meant resigning from another position he had already accepted). He began working at Stanford in 1953 and has continued to work at the university to this day. It was during his studies on adolescent aggression that Bandura became increasing interested in vicarious learning, modeling, and imitation. Albert Banduras  social learning theory  stressed the importance of  observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do, Bandura explained in his 1977 book on the subject. His theory integrated a continuous interaction between behaviors, cognitions, and the environment. Bobo Doll Study Banduras most famous experiment was the 1961  Bobo doll study. In the experiment, he made a film in which an adult model was shown beating up a Bobo doll and shouting aggressive words. The film was then shown to a group of children. Afterward, the children were allowed to play in a room that held a Bobo doll. Those who had seen the film with the violent model were more likely to beat the doll, imitating the actions and words of the adult in the film clip. The Bobo doll study was significant because it departed from behaviorism’s insistence that all behavior is directed by reinforcement or rewards. The children received no encouragement or incentives to beat up the doll; they were simply imitating the behavior they had observed. Bandura termed this phenomenon observational learning and characterized the elements of effective observational learning as attention, retention, reciprocation and motivation. Banduras work emphasizes the importance of social influences, but also a belief in personal control. People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided, he has suggested. Is Albert Bandura a Behaviorist? While most psychology textbooks place Bandura’s theory with those of the behaviorists, Bandura himself has noted that he ...never really fit the behavioral orthodoxy. Even in his earliest work, Bandura argued that reducing behavior to a stimulus-response cycle was too simplistic. While his work used behavioral terminology such as conditioning and reinforcement, Bandura explained, ...I conceptualized these phenomena as operating through cognitive processes. Authors of psychological texts continue to mischaracterize my approach as rooted in behaviorism, Bandura has explained, describing his own perspective as social cognitivism. Selected Publications Bandura has been a prolific author of books and journal articles over the last 60 years and is the most widely cited living psychologist. Some of Banduras best-known books and journal articles have become classics within psychology and continue to be widely cited today. His first professional publication was a 1953 paper titled Primary and Secondary Suggestibility that appeared in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. In 1973, Bandura published Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, which focused on the origins of aggression. His 1977 book Social Learning Theory presented the basics of his theory of how people learn through observation and modeling. His 1977 article entitled Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change was published in Psychological Review and introduced his concept of self-efficacy. The article also became an instant classic in psychology. Albert Banduras Contributions to Psychology Bandura’s work is considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His theories have had a tremendous impact on  personality psychology,  cognitive psychology, education, and  psychotherapy. In 1974, Bandura was elected president of the American Psychological Association. The APA awarded him for his distinguished scientific contributions in 1980 and again in 2004 for his outstanding lifetime contributions to psychology. Today, Bandura is often identified as the greatest living psychology as well as one of the most influential psychologists of all time. In 2015, Bandura was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama.

The Evolution of Media Essay - 1312 Words

The media has become a comfortable staple and commodity to the global lives it touches inadvertently and significantly. But what is this incontrovertible influence? It is the radio, newspapers, television broadcasts, such as CNN and MTV; entertaining and informational, the media is a valuable asset to all. How it came about was during the pivotal 20th century where skies were filled with airplane raids and on land there were people full of fear, telling stories of the everlasting wars. The innate fear of world domination by Nazis and annihilation of all mankind by atomic weapons were major driving forces to create the media; people wanted the answers to their questions and needed to be informed of the global chaos. However, as time†¦show more content†¦This remained the informational monopoly until reporters adapted Marconi’s 1905 invention of the transatlantic telegraph system to the radio. This was a monumental juncture for it marked the beginning of facilitat ed forms of assimilating crucial information to the general public. Radio allowed information to be sent across the Atlantic Ocean and to the ears of the curious and concerned. Nevertheless, the media was not merely used for informational purposes but for swaying the beliefs of people, as well, which is known as propaganda. During WWI, the involvement of citizens in the war was critical and plenty of engagement was necessary. So, in order to recruit more soldiers and gain more support for the war, artists, teamed with government officials, created posters, a part of mass media, to entice citizens for further participation. The posters helped not only with the obvious aim of recruiting members for the armed forces, but with the parallel home-front efforts, as well. The United War Work campaign, the Red Cross, and most notably, the Liberty and Victory loans were all promoted by war-induced propaganda and, unambiguously, helped strengthen the United States of America socially, economically, and politically. The stimulation of war efforts through its respective propaganda remains valid because posters like Rosie the Riveter, conserving material posters, an d enlisting posters, caught the eyes of many since these posters were easilyShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Mass Media786 Words   |  4 Pages The Evolution of Mass Media De’Boria Claiborne-Lowery University of Phoenix HUM/186 Instructor Allyson Wells December 4, 2017 The Evolution of Mass Media The mass media are critical players in the American political system. Media is seen in many forms nowadays such as television, radio, social media, newspapers, magazine, etc. The media affects people in varied ways, some are positive and others are negative. A positive aspectRead MoreEvolution Of Mass Media874 Words   |  4 PagesMajor developments in the evolution of mass media Media has been changing drastically since its inception. While print was the main form of media for the longest time, when radio and television became major forms of media they brought something with them that words could not do. People who were tuning in to the radio and watching television were now exposed to marketing campaigns, visual violence, sexuality, suffering and relief, and the start of celebrity idolization. As technology expanded andRead MoreThe Evolutions Of Social Media1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolutions in social media come with an increasing number of ways of socializing and connecting with others, which brings about challenges that were not faced previously. 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Facebook, in particular, with its different features developed by advanced technology, has raised a concern about privacy despite its convenience. There have been various researches into this issue, focusing on different aspects of the problem. However, in this report, only five studies will be discussed. These studies do not only present a brief overview of the issue, but also highlight new aspects. EachRead MoreThe Technological Evolution Of The Media Industry2005 Words   |  9 PagesThe technological evolution has played an inevitable and indispensable role in changing the facade of the world. In particular, recent developments and innovations in the field of science and technology have transformed the entire paradigm of media industry. It has been established that in the contemporary or technology driven media environment, the traditional concept of ownership, intellectual property, as well as copyright has become a controversial point (Sutherland-Smith, 2015). It is due toRead MoreThe Emergence And Evolution Of Social Media1757 Words   |  8 Pages  The emergence and evolution of social media have a significant impact on modern society. Facebook, in particular, with its different features developed by advanced technology, has raised a concern about privacy despite its convenience. There have been various researches into this issue, focusing on different aspects of the problem. However, in this report, only five studies will be discussed. These studies do not only present a brief overview of the issue, but also highlight new aspectsRead MoreThe Evolution of Media in Presidential Campaigns Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States (Souza, POTUS live at Google + hangout). In recent years our society is seeing first hand the evolution of new media. From the inception of the Internet, what followed was a whirlwind of progress in this area. It is no wonder that the presidential candidates used new media to help in their campaigns. President Obama is no stranger to new media. With the availability of new media sites, it has helped gain momentum of the already existing platforms, creating one of the most successful marketing

Betting on The Blind Side by Michael Lewis Article

Essays on Betting on The Blind Side by Michael Lewis Article The paper "Betting on The Blind Side by Michael Lewis" is a delightful example of an article on finance and accounting. In the article, Michael Lewis talks about a younger investor, Michael Burry because of his blindness, viewed the world in a different manner. In 2004, Michael Burry decided to invest in a huge bubble and subprime mortgage bond market when the market threatened to collapse. The hedge fund and stock market manager did not reveal to anyone why he decided to invest in bond markets but instead sat in his office and read the article and financial filings. His main curiosity was to figure out how the subprime mortgage bonds function. Investors from the top floor received low ratings than those from the bottom floor because they were taking on more risks. Investors who sought to purchase mortgage bonds had to decide which floor of the tower they wanted to invest. However, Burry, on the other hand, was not after buying mortgage bonds but rather sought out how he could bet ag ainst subprime mortgage bonds. Using information from the available prospectus, each mortgage bond had its own little corporation.   However, despite this, Burry despite much of his time scanning through these prospectuses with the hope that he could get what he needed to understand about the subprime mortgage bond. In 2004, there was a decline in lending standards. Burry did not view these standards as a decline but for him, they had just hit the bottom. According to Lewis, the bottom was referred to as the interest-only negative amortizing rate subprime mortgage whereby the home purchaser was offered an opportunity of paying nothing and was allowed to roll whatever interest you owed the bank into a high balance. Burry was amazed why such an individual who lent money would desire to extend such a loan. The problem that Burry had was the various tranches of subprime mortgage bonds in which these bonds were impossible to sell short since to sell a stock short, you needed to borrow it, which were not easy to find. An investor would buy or not buy them but could not bet explicitly against them because the subprime m ortgage market had a place for investors who took a shallow view of them. This is based on the idea that the entire subprime mortgage market was doomed and nothing could be done to rescue it. The stock market could increase much longer than Burry could remain solvent. Burry also discovered credit default swap in which began to purchase insurance on companies he thought would suffer from real estate downtown since such as meltdown would force these companies to lose money. Burry realized that the credit default swaps on subprime mortgage bonds were significant in the subprime mortgage market in that they were used for hedging. In sum, Burry knew that in order to make side bets on subprime mortgage bonds, a credit default swap was needed.

Crisis Communication During Volcanic Emergencies Japanese Earthquake Free Essays

Abstract: Increased exposure to volcanic hazard, particularly at Japan, is driving an urgent and growing need for improved communication between monitoring scientists, emergency managers and the media, in advance of and during volcanic crises. The findings of the Japan volcano surveys point up the critical importance, More than a week after the nation of Japan declared an emergency at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant in Fukushima prefecture, the â€Å"haze† of the incident is just starting to clear. Power has been restored to two of six reactors at the Daiichi nuclear plant and slowly the nuclear situation is coming under control. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Communication During Volcanic Emergencies: Japanese Earthquake or any similar topic only for you Order Now While some good news is emerging from Japan recriminations and stories about TEPCO’s long history of â€Å"false reporting† are now emerging. The worst of the nuclear crisis may now be resolved, but the war of words is just beginning. If it is in India it will take importance on (1) Bringing together monitoring scientists, emergency managers, and representatives of the media, well in advance of a volcanic crisis, and (2), ensuring that procedures and protocols are in place that will allow, as far as possible, effective and seamless cooperation and coordination when and if a crisis situation develops. Communication During Volcanic Emergencies is designed to promote and encourage both of these priorities through providing the first source-book addressing working relationships and inter-linkages between the stakeholder groups, and providing examples of good and bad practice. Introduction: The magnitude-9.0 offshore earthquake on March 11 triggered a tsunami that slammed minutes later into Japan’s northeast, wiping out towns and knocking out power and backup systems at the coastal Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. Police said more than 11,000 bodies have been recovered, but the final death toll is expected to exceed 18,000. Hundreds of thousands remain homeless, their homes and livelihoods destroyed. Damage could amount to $310 billion — the most expensive natural disaster on record, the government said. The plant has been leaking radiation that has made its way into vegetables, raw milk and tap water as far away as Tokyo. Residents within 12 miles of the plant were ordered to leave and some nations banned the imports of food products from the Fukushima region. Suspicions that dangerously radioactive water is leaking from damaged nuclear fuel rods. The contaminated water has been emitting radiation exposures more than four times the amount the government considers safe for workers and must be pumped out before electricity can be restored to the cooling system. That has left officials struggling with two crucial but sometimes-contradictory efforts: pumping in water to keep the fuel rods cool and pumping out contaminated water and safely storing it. Nuclear safety official Hidehiko Nishiyama said cooling the reactors had taken precedence over concerns about leakage. Crisis in Japan: Crisis communication as part of a larger crisis management plan has several key elements. The goal of public relations in a crisis is to both inform and to convey a larger sense of control over the unfolding incident. Public relations managers and Public Information Officers must act quickly and consistently to deliver accurate information and to set expectations. Good crisis communication should be forthcoming about what is known and not known. Disasters are hardly predictable and often decision makers are faced with complicated dilemmas in the absence of complete information. Acknowledging the unknown and what is being done to address the knowledge gap is just as important as outlining what is known. Never in the context of crisis communications should the message be untrue or misleading. Finally, crisis communication should engage all of the stakeholders in an incident – everyone with an interest in the outcome of an incident. Between these stakeholders, messaging s hould be coordinated and consistent. With the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant there were many issues in the communication to the outside world about what exactly was unfolding at the plant. Initially the flow of information was slow and inconsistent. Although the earthquake occurred at 2:45pm local time followed closely by the tsunami which disabled the generators supporting pumps to cool the nuclear fuel at Daiichi, the first report of a significant incident did not occur until 8:15pm. By 10pm the Japanese government initiated a limited 3km evacuation around the plant. TEPCO’s 10pm press release indicated only that radiation monitors detected a â€Å"departure from normal†. In press conferences TEPCO held with the media, executives with the power company were vague about what was happening and were not prepared to answer questions posed by the media. The clarity of messages about the unfolding nuclear disaster also contributed to the confusion about the severity of the incident. As an example, the Japanese government initially ordered an evacuation for 3km around the Daiichi plant. By 7am on 12-Mar, the day after the earthquake and tsunami, the evacuation order was expanded to 10km. By 13-Mar, the evacuation order was expanded to 20km. The creeping evacuation distances conveyed a message that the incident was growing out of hand. In the absence of objective information about radiation levels detected around the Daiichi plant, many people filled this gap with speculation that the incident was potentially growing into a nuclear cataclysm. A single proactive 20km evacuation order, on the other hand, would have conveyed a sense of decisiveness with the same outcome. Messaging during the incident differed between stakeholders. Information from TEPCO, the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant, was understated and incomplete. The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, which oversees nuclear plants in Japan, was widely absent from information dissemination. The IAEA, the UN’s nuclear monitoring organization, accused Japan of not being forthcoming about what was happening at the Daiichi plant. In the US, the Surgeon General suggested people in California should buy potassium iodine while the CDC said exactly the opposite. These different voices fostered a sense of confusion and suggestions by many that TEPCO and the Japanese government were hiding something. More than any other communication problem, the mismatch of messages from different sources caused the greatest damage to the credibility of everyone involved. My own country (INDIA) can handle the communication crisis in the following way: 1.India will identify stakeholders in the crisis communication process well ahead of any incident. Train these stakeholders in the crisis management process and educate them about the importance of consistent message between organizations. 2.Clarity of actions and words is important. Public relations personnel and Public Information Officers must be prepared with information to answer questions from the media. If the answer to the question is unknown, acknowledge it. If the answer requires research, find out then follow up with the requestor. 3.The small incidents are as important as the big incidents. Although small incidents do not always warrant much media attention, failing to address them can be a problem when major incidents strike. The day before the Daiichi nuclear plant disaster no one was writing about TEPCO’s history of false reports. In the weeks to come, media stories and exposes will reveal the gaps in TEPCO handling of small incidents. If TEPCO had handled the small incidents well or at least worked to improve over time, there would be little to write about. 4.Practice. Any process or plan is only as good as the execution. Improve the odds of solid execution at time of crisis by practicing crisis communication often. The best thing is to have a plan of action prepared in advance. That way, you can react swiftly and smartly when a crisis hits. Conclusion: Population rise and increasing urbanisation are driving a marked upward trend in the incidence of natural disasters. This trend is already being reflected in the numbers of lethal volcanic events and in a rise in the number of volcano-related deaths. the average number of deaths per year due to volcanic activity, in the 17th–19th centuries, was 315, this figure has climbed to 917 for the 20th century and 491 volcanic ‘events’ during the 20th century, in which people were killed, injured or affected in some way, and more than half of which resulted in loss of life, At least 500 million people currently live within the danger zones of active volcanoes, and this number is certain to climb substantially. Most importantly, emergency plans must address the issue of seamless communication between the main stakeholder groups, and ensure that the mechanisms that underpin effective communication during a volcanic crisis are in place long before a volcano shows signs of unrest. Where eruptions are frequent, such measures need to be in place now or in the very near future. Messages from all the stakeholder groups must be as simple and concise as possible and must address instructions and recommendations on what to do next as well as inform of the prevailing situation. All efforts need to focus on the building of trust between stakeholders, the maintenance of good working relationships, and the safeguarding of an open and continuous information flow between all key players. REFERENCES: Fearn- Banks, Kathleen, 2006, Crisis Communications: a case book approach, 3rd Edition, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Nichen, 2009, Institutionalizing Public relations: A case Study of Chinese government crisis Communication on the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, Public relations review, Vol 35, 3, 187-198. Otto, Lerbinger, 1997, The Crisis Manager: facing risk and responsibility, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Ray, Sally J., 1961, Strategic Communication in Crisis Management: lessons from the airline industry, USA:Green wood Publishing group. Robert R. Ulmer, Seeger.W,2007, post-crisis communication and renewal: Expanding the parameters of post-crisis discourse, Public relations review, Volume 33, issue 2, P.P 130-134 Seeger, Matthew W, 2003 Communication and organizational crisis, Westport: Praeger Publishers. SEEGER W, Barbara Reynolds, 2005, Crisis and Emergency risk Communication as an integrative model, Journal of Health Communication, 10:43-55. Voight, 1989 B. Voight, The 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano catastrophe: anatomy and retrospection, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 42 (1989), pp. 151–188 W.J.Mc GUIRE, solama.M.C, 2009, Improving communication during volcanic crisis on small, Valnerable islands, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol 183, Issue 1-2, P.P 63-75. W.Timothy, Coombs, 20011, Ongoing Crisis Communication, Planning, Managing, and responding, 3rd edition, P.P-139, USA:Sage Publications. How to cite Crisis Communication During Volcanic Emergencies: Japanese Earthquake, Essay examples

Reduce The Stray Cat Population By Spaying Your Cat Essays

Reduce The Stray Cat Population By Spaying Your Cat REDUCE THE STRAY CAT POPULATION BY SPAYING YOUR CAT 1. Did you know that every un-spayed female cat and her offspring might produce up to 420,000 kittens over a seven-year period? 2. Today, you will realize the effect un-spayed cats can have on increasing the number of the stray feline population. 3. Almost everyone has a stray cat roaming the neighborhood, and should be concerned. Stray cats can spread diseases, and are a menace to society. In order to keep our neighborhoods clean and safe; everyone needs to address this issue. A. I have encountered this problem myself. 1. When I lived in an apartment, I lived next door to a couple who refused to spay their two female cats. a. Clint and Tracy didnt think their cats would be the same if they had them spayed, so they never had them fixed. b. Their two female cats produced a constant steam of kittens. c. At least two times a year, their cats were pregnant, and had anywhere from 3 to 9 kittens at a time. 2. Each times the kittens were born; they would just as quickly disappear. This made me really suspicious. a. So, I decided to adopt one of their kittens, and ask how they had gotten rid of the others so quickly. b. I was shocked when Tracy told me, they would drive the kittens they werent able to give away to the river, and let them go wild. c. When I remembered all the liters of cute little kittens that had been born year after year, only to become wild, diseased strays, I was astonished. B. Unfortunately, my neighbors are not the only people lacking in responsibility, and willing to burden society with their unwanted cats. 1. In the same great apartment, I also encountered another stray cat situation. a. A pregnant, wild cat decided to make her home in my backyard. She quickly had her kittens, and just as swiftly abandoned them, leaving me with two tiny kittens that thought of my backyard as home. I did end up adopting one of the kittens, and gave the other to a friend. I didnt plan on getting another cat, but I didnt want to see this kitten become sick and homeless. 2. In the November 1998 issue of Cat Fancy Magazine, Marylyn Christopher, a reader who wrote in to tell her story of when she found 12 abandoned kittens in a nearby park. She states that she tried to catch all the kittens, but was only able to coax three to come to her, all of which she adopted. Although, the other 9 have since come to think of the park as home; where they survive off trash and handouts. 3. Another reader, Candice Temlor also writes into Cat Fancy Magazine, in the, Letters from Readers portion, complaining about wild strays in her neighborhood, and specifically of the 10 kittens that were abandoned in her yard. She cared for the kittens until they were old enough to survive, and then decided to keep half, and gave the remaining five away to good homes. C. Statistics show exactly how severe this problem is. 1. According to the National Pet Alliance, 41% of the total cat population is stray. 2. The S.P.C.A. annually reports statistics of animals brought to their agency. Of the animals brought to the shelter, 64% are stray cats. D. Many experts agree that spaying cats will directly result in a major reduction of stray and unwanted cats. I spoke with Lana Faye at the local S.P.C.A., who strongly agrees. On June 12, 2000, I spoke with Lana, who said she could not stress the importance of spaying your animals enough, and especially cats, which reproduce at a higher rate than other domestic animals and also have a higher tendency to roam. According to Lana more cats are unwanted than stray, she claims more people bring in unwanted kittens, than the officers find strays roaming in neighborhoods. Lana believes that spaying domestic female cats can reduce the numbers both of unwanted and stray cats almost by 3/4. She claims the number of stray animals is so high, and increasing at such a high rate that without intervention, some areas will become infested with strays. E. Leaving your cat un-spayed